Essay --

Mid Term Assignment - Genzyme HIMP6170 – Professor Aditya Pai Shweta Harwalkar (ID: 212294831) 2/13/2014 â€Æ' Company / portfolio for analysis (Refer to Appendix 1, 2, 3 & 4) Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme), a subsidiary of Sanofi-aventis, is a biotechnology company which is principally engaged in developing products and services for rare genetic disorders. The company has its operations worldwide with its principal concentration in the US and the UK. Genzyme is headquartered in Massachusetts, the US. The parent company, Sanofi, is a global and diversified healthcare leader. Genzyme is currently organized into two business units – Rare Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. ïÆ'Ëœ Rare Diseases: Focusing on uncommon and underserved medical conditions, the Rare Disease business unit is currently focused on three medical areas: †¢ Genetic Diseases - Pioneering Solutions to Lysosomal Storage Disorders – Orphan drugs †¢ Endocrinology - genetically engineered version of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) †¢ Cardiovascular Disease - inherited disorders, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic and potentially life-threatening form of severely high cholesterol that often doesn't respond to traditional treatments ïÆ'Ëœ Multiple sclerosis: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects each person differently, with symptoms ranging from numbness in the limbs or forgetfulness to paralysis or loss of vision. Revenues and growth trends (Refer to Appendix 5) Sanofi acquired Genzyme for $20.1 billion. â€Å"New Genzyme† was successfully integrated resulting in sales growth of 16.9%. Sales for Fabrazyme ® (agalsidase beta), a treatment for Fabry disease, nearly doubled. Sales for Myozyme ® and Lumizyme ® (alglucosidase alfa), indicated in Pompe d... ...better compensations Shareholders A leader in orphan drug market will attract more shareholders Genzyme must increase economic value created for shareholders Retail Chains Reducing the retail chain can help Genzyme sell at lower price or have higher profit Changes in the retail chain system will probably affect the profit margin of the drug Government Work closely with the government to make sure that the orphan drugs are available in that country/market Government regulates the price of drugs - If Genzyme does not lower the cost of orphan drugs, then it is very likely that government will set a lower price, which will cut Genzyme’s profit Other rare disease associations Communicate effectively and work closely with these rare disease associations Most rare diseases do not have treatment available - High pricing will prevent some patients from getting treatment

Experience is knowledge :: essays research papers

Option # 1 Write an essay with the theme of your first quotation â€Å"A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.† - Alexander Pope (1688-1744)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Experience is Knowledge†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many regrets may burden ones mind throughout their life. This is a totally normal part of ones life that one may have no control over. â€Å"A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.† - Alexander Pope (1688-1744) It is important that one will learn from their mistakes and take out a valuable lesson learned through their actions. The world does not stop for your sake, it simply keeps going and does not put into consideration that the day did not go accordingly to plans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is perfectly normal for one to feel question or doubt of a certain action performed. Anyone that is human would have this reaction to something that was a difficult decision to make. As many will come to see, life was not equipped with a pause button to put everything on hold so life as we know it can be put back into order. So many little things happen everyday, if a person would let all of these things get under their skin, life would be better known as â€Å"hell.† The best advice one could use would be to learn from the mistakes made, and become wiser with each one made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should mistakes be looked at as something to be ashamed of? Being a human, mistake are inevitable. There is no such thing as someone who has not ever questioned an action performed or a decision made. Humans are given a conscious, this is strictly for making decisions. It helps one makes decisions by questioning everything. By doing this, uncertainty is not out of the question. Wrong choices, and bad actions are not something one should ever be ashamed of. Wrong choices, and bad actions that are performed more then once are something one should be ashamed of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wisdom comes with experience, engorging oneself in many opportunities comes with its mistakes. If one can comes out of a bad experience with some sort of knowledge that will help them, or teach them anything, it was not something to be ashamed of.

Parthenon and Lincoln Memorial Essay

I have chosen the above two architectural marvels for this essay. While Parthenon belongs to the ancient times , around 32 B. B. its architects were Iktinos and Kallikratesand. ( Parthenon). It was a place of worship, for the Athenians, the Lincoln memorial was constructed much later, in the 20th century, and was constructed in the fond memory of the 16th president of the United states of America, Abraham Lincoln. Before analyzing these marvelous works of art, it is necessary that one is thorough in the concept of an organizational system, known as ‘Doric order’, formulated by the ancient Greeks, in their style of architecture. Both these structures are based on this concept. In the Doric order, a style of architecture, first followed by the ancient Greeks, the column does not have a base. The shaft is either based on a square or a circle. The top end of the shaft, known as the ‘capital’, rests under the ‘architrave’. It is important to note that the Greeks had widely used this style, in horizontal alignment, to achieve an impressive visual appeal. ( Mell Devin, Doric style ) Sketch illustrating the Doric column ( Mell Devin ) Originally this building was conceived as a temple of Goddess Athena. The floor plan of the Parthenon adheres to the ratio of 9: 4 and similarly the number of columns also adhere to the same ratio. There are 17 columns along the length and 8 along the width. The floor plan of Parthenon ( The Parthenon, page 1) A horizontal row of 6 Doric columns support the front and the back porch, and the interior space was divided in two unequal rooms. The larger one was devoted to the placement of the statue of Goddess Athena and was surrounded by 23 Doric columns over a two storied structure. The back portion was the treasury of the kingdom. The visual elements of this structure are so designed that the visitor to Parthenon experiences a smooth transition from the visual characteristics of the exteriors to those of the interiors. The visitor also experiences another smooth transition from earthly to divine, when he watches the Panathenaic procession on the Frieze. The statue of Athena, has mesmerizing hues of Gold and ivory, framed shorter Doric columns, in double decked arrangement. This makes the inner space appear larger and taller than the exterior pace. The planning reveals as if it has been designed as a theatrical event, where after experiencing the grandeur of the structural views and the procession on Frieze, the visitor gets to view the statue of Goddess Athena. ( The Parthenon, page 1) This masterpiece one great quality of the Athenian sense of visual elements. It is a proof of the fact that they had mastered the art of the relationship between form and space. The horizontal placement of the Doric columns on the outer edge of the rectangle and the same columns epeated in the inner hall, in a smaller scale, are solid evidences of their understanding of spatial relationships. During so many centuries of its existence, Parthenon has witnessed many attacks and change of functions also. From A Athenian temple, it was turned into a church, and later a mosque also. The structure was partially destroyed as a result of explosion, and today, only the relics of Doric columns can be seen. ( wikipedia) The other marvelous piece taken for analysis in this essay, is the Lincoln Memorial, at Washington D.  C. , USA. This structure is modeled and inspired by the Doric style of columns. The floor of this monument is also a rectangle, and has 36 such columns along its periphery.. This number represents the number states which had acceded to the federal structure of USA, at the time of assassination of Lincoln. Lincoln memorial sketch, clearly revealing the impact of Doric columns on the visual appeal of the monument. (The Lincoln memorial) This monument was built in the fond memory of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of USA. It was opened for public in 1922, and was designed by architect, Henry Bacon. ( Lincoln memorial) The composition of form and space and the visual metaphor in this case resembles to that of the Parthenon. As a matter of fact, the visual splendor is enhanced by the graceful, stunning and visually arresting beauty of the white marble. As a visual form, the flatness of the structure above the Doric columns lend s a very pleasing visual appeal. One important aspect of the Lincoln memorial is that it represents the Parthenon, thematically also. The statue of Lincoln represents that of goddess Athena and the procession is represented by historical speeches of Lincoln, namely his second inaugural speech and the Gettysburg address. ( Lincoln memorial). Talking of the elements of design, the striking contrast between the Parthenon and the Lincoln memorial is that the later, perhaps under the effect of modernism and the after effects of renaissance era, has very flat horizontal and vertical lines domination the canvas of vision. This lends a far more pleasing perspective view from a distance, than he Parthenon, which has inclined lines intercepting the vertical composition formed by the Doric columns. Moreover, the decorative elements, like motifs and patterns which are so evident in the Parthenon, are not seen in the Lincoln memorial This is suggestive of the impact minimal movement has had on the designers. Conclusively, it can be said that, despite having a time gap of thousands of years between their evolution, the Parthenon and the Lincoln memorial are adhering to similar design principles, the same style of visual expression, and similar perceptions of visual composition.

Data Mining and Data Warehouse Essay

ABSTRACT Data mining, the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases, is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their data ware houses. Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviors, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge- driven decisions systems. Data warehouse is a computer system designed to give business decision-makers instant access to information. The warehouse copies its data from existing systems like order entry, general ledger, and human resources and stores it for use by executives rather than programmers. Data warehouse users use special software that enables them to create and access information when they need it, as opposed to a reporting schedule defined by the information systems (IS) department. This paper describes the meaning of data warehouse and data mining basic architecture of data warehousing and data mining, functions and working of data mining. It also prese nts data mining from data warehouse INTRODUCTION: Modern organizations are under enormous pressure with recent development of the technology. Clearly we need a rapid access to all kinds of information. To assist this we need to consider the past and to identify relevant trend analysis. So to perform any trend analysis we must have a database. In most organizations you will find really large databases in operation for normal daily transactions. These types of databases are known as operational databases; in most cases they have not been design to store historical data or to respond to queries but simply to support all the applications for day to day transactions. The second type of database found in organizations is the data warehouse. This is designed for strategic decision support and is largely built up from the databases that make up the operational database. The basic characteristic of a data warehouse is that it contains vast amount of data which can mean billions of records. Smaller, local data warehouse are called data marts. A data warehouse is designed especially for decision support queries; therefore only data that is needed for decision support is extracted from the operational data and stored in the data warehouse along with the time when it was retrieved from operational databases. DEFINITION DATA WAREHOUSING A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant and non-volatile collection of data in support of management’s decision making process. Subject-Oriented: A data warehouse can be used to analyze a particular subject area. For example, â€Å"sales† can be a particular subject. Integrated: A data warehouse integrates data from multiple data sources. For example, source A and source B may have different ways of identifying a product, but in a data warehouse, there will be only a single way of identifying a product. Time-Variant: Historical data is kept in a data warehouse. For example, one can retrieve data from 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, or even older data from a data warehouse. This contrasts with a transactions system, where often only the most recent data is kept. For example, a transaction system may hold the most recent address of a customer, where a data warehouse can hold all addresses associated with a customer. Non-volatile: Once data is in the data warehouse, it will not change. So, historical data in a data warehouse should never be altered. The following are the typical steps involved in the data warehousing project cycle. * Requirement Gathering * Physical Environment Setup * Data Modeling * ETL * OLAP Cube Design * Front End Development * Report Development * Performance Tuning * Query Optimization * Quality Assurance * Rolling out to Production * Production Maintenance * Incremental Enhancements Benefits of a data warehouse A data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to: * Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not. * Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central view across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger. * Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data. * Present the organization’s information consistently. * Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the data’s source. * Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users. * Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems. * Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Data Mining (DM) Data mining, also known as â€Å"knowledge discovery,† refers to computer-assisted tools and techniques for sifting through and analyzing these vast data stores in order to find trends, patterns, and correlations that can guide decision making and increase understanding. Data mining covers a wide variety of uses, from analyzing customer purchases to discovering galaxies.In essence, data mining is the equivalent of finding gold nuggets in a mountain of data. The monumental task of finding hidden gold depends heavily upon the power of computers The purpose of DM is to analyze and understand past trends and predict future trends. By predicting future trends, business organizations can better position their products and services for financial gain. Nonprofit organizations have also achieved significant benefits from data mining, such as in the area of scientific progress. The concept of data mining is simple yet powerful. The simplicity of the concept is deceiving, however. Traditional methods of analyzing data, involving query-and-report approaches, cannot handle tasks of such magnitude and complexity. Data mining consists of five major elements: * Extract, transform, and load transaction data onto the data warehouse system. * Store and manage the data in a multidimensional database system. * Provide data access to business analysts and information technology professionals. * Analyze the data by application software. * Present the data in a useful format, such as a graph or table. Data mining services can be used for the following functions: * Research and surveys: Data mining can be used for product research, surveys, market research and analysis. Information can be gathered that is quite useful in driving new marketing campaigns and promotions. * Information collection: Through the web scraping process it is possible to collect information regarding investors, investments and funds by scraping through related websites and databases. * Customer opinions: Customer views and suggestions play an important role in the way a company operates. The information can be readily be found on forums, blogs and other resources where customers freely provide their views. * Data scanning: Data collected and stored will be not be important unless scanned. Scanning is important to identify patterns and similarities contained in the data. * Extraction of information: This is the processing of identifying the useful patterns in data that can be used in decision making process. This is so because decision making must be based on sound information and facts. * Pre-processing of data: Usually the data collected is stored in the data warehouse. This data needs to be pre-processed.by pre-processing it means some data that may be deemed unimportant may therefore re removed manually be data mining experts. * Web data: Web data usually poses many challenges in mining. This is so because of its nature. For instance, web data can be deemed as dynamic meaning it keeps changing from time to time. Therefore it means the process of data mining should be repeated in regular intervals. * Competitor analysis: There is a need to understand how your competitors are fairing on in the business market. You need to know both their weaknesses and strengths. Their methods of marketing and distribution can be mined. How they reduce their overall costs is also quite important. * Online research: The internet is highly regarded for its huge information. It is evident that it is the largest source of information. It is possible to gather a lot of information regarding different companies, customers and your business clients. It is possible to detect frauds through online means. * News: Nowadays with almost all major newspapers and news sources posting their news online it is possible to gather information regarding trends and other critical areas. In this way, it is possible to be in the better position of competing in the market. * Updating data: This is quite important. Data collected will be useless unless it is updated. This is to ensure that the information is relevant so as to make decisions from it. How does data mining work? While large-scale information technology has been evolving separate transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user queries. Several types of analytical software are available: statistical, machine learning, and neural networks. Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought: * Classes: Stored data is used to locate data in predetermined groups. For example, a restaurant chain could mine customer purchase data to determine when customers visit and what they typically order. This information could be used to increase traffic by having daily specials. * Clusters: Data items are grouped according to logical relationships or consumerpreferences. For example, data can be mined to identify market segments or consumer affinities. * Associations: Data can be mined to identify associations. The beer-diaper example is an example of associative mining. * Sequential patterns: Data is mined to anticipate behavior patterns and trends. For example, an outdoor equipment retailer could predict the likelihood of a backpack being purchased based on a consumer’s purchase of sleeping bags and hiking shoes. Industries/fields where data mining is currently applied are as follows: 1. Data Mining in the Banking Sector Worldwide, banking sector is ahead of many other industries in using mining techniques for their vast customer database. Although banks have employed statistical analysis tools with some success for several years, previously unseen patterns of customer behavior are now coming into clear focus with the aid of new data mining tools. These statistical tools and even the OLAP find out the answers, but more advanced data mining tools provide insight to the answer. Some of the applications of data mining in this industry are; (i)Predict customer reaction to the change of interest rates (ii)Identify customers who will be most receptive to new product offers (iii)Identify â€Å"loyal† customers (iv) Pin point which clients are at the highest risk for defaulting on a loan (v)Find out persons or groups who will opt for each type of loan in the following year (vi)Detect fraudulent activities in credit card transactions (vii)Predict clients who are likely to change their credit card affiliation in the next quarter (viii)Determine customer preference of the different modes of transaction namely through teller or through credit cards, etc. 2. Data Mining in the Insurance Sector Insurance companies can benefit from modern data mining methodologies, which help companies to reduce costs, increase profits, retain current customers, acquire new customers, and develop new products .This can be done through: (1)Evaluating the risk of the assets being insured taking into account the characteristics of the asset as well as the owner of the asset. (2)Formulating Statistical Modeling of Insurance Risks (3)Using the Joint Poisson/Log-Normal Model of mining to optimize insurance policies (4)And finally finding the actuarial Credibility of the risk groups among insurers 3. Data Mining in Telecommunication As on this date, every activity in telecommunication has used data mining technique. (1)Analysis of telecom service purchases (2)Prediction of telephone calling patterns (3)Management of resources and network traffic (4)Automation of network management and maintenance using artificial intelligence to diagnose and repair network transmission problems, etc 4. Data Mining in Fraud Detection Data dredging has found wide and useful application in various fraud detection processes like (1)Credit card fraud detection using a combined parallel approach (2)Fraud detection in the voters list using neural networks in combination with symbolic and analog data mining. (3)Fraud detection in passport applications by designing a specific online learning diagnostic system. (4)Rule and analog based detection of false medical claims and so on. An Architecture for Data Mining To best apply these advanced techniques, they must be fully integrated with a data warehouse as well as flexible interactive business analysis tools. Many data mining tools currently operate outside of the warehouse, requiring extra steps for extracting, importing, and analyzing the data. Furthermore, when new insights require operational implementation, integration with the warehouse simplifies the application of results from data mining. The resulting analytic data warehouse can be applied to improve business processes throughout the organization, in areas such as promotional campaign management, fraud detection, new product rollout, and so on. Figure 1 illustrates an architecture for advanced analysis in a large data warehouse. Figure 2 – Integrated Data Mining Architecture FROM DATA WAREHOUSE TO DATA MINING DM is a set of methods for data analysis, created with the aim to find out specific dependence, relations and rules related to data and making them out in the new, higher-level quality information. As distinguished from the data warehouse, which has unique data approach, DM gives results that show relations and interdependence of data. Mentioned dependences are mostly based on various mathematical and statistic relations . Figure 3: Process of knowledge data discovery EMERGING TRENDS IN DATA MINING Web mining – is the application of data mining techniques to discover patterns from the Web. According to analysis targets, web mining can be divided into three different types, which are Web usage mining, Web content mining and Web structure mining. | Web usage mining Web usage mining is the process of extracting useful information from server logs i.e. users history. Web usage mining is the process of finding out what users are looking for on Internet. Some users might be looking at only textual data, whereas some others might be interested in multimedia data. Web structure mining Web structure mining is the process of using graph theory to analyze the node and connection structure of a web site. According to the type of web structural data, web structure mining can be divided into two kinds: 1. Extracting patterns from hyperlinks in the web: a hyperlink is a structural component that connects the web page to a different location. 2. Mining the document structure: analysis of the tree-like structure of page structures to describe HTML or XML tag usage. Web content mining Web content mining is the mining, extraction and integration of useful data, information and knowledge from Web page contents. Data Stream Mining is the process of extracting knowledge structures from continuous, rapid data records. A data stream is an ordered sequence of instances that in many applications of data stream mining can be read only once or a small number of times using limited computing and storage capabilities. Examples of data streams include computer network traffic, phone conversations, ATM transactions, web searches, and sensor data.

House-guest

To be a house-guest there are many responsibilities such as schedule which, a perfect house-guest would call ahead that they are coming and commit to the time they are arriving and leaving. Guests should know how long to stay at someone else's place and not stay too long to make the person who owns the house annoyed of them. Another responsibility Is that a guest should come with gifts to show appreciation. The gift does not have to be something expensive, just to show that you aspect them that they are letting you stay at their house.Guests should respect the host and not tell them that something of their house or taste sucks. Guests should make the host feel good by telling them how beautiful their house is. Meals is another responsibility house-guests should know that they should not always depend on the host to make them food all the times. Guests should at least offer for help to make the meals or even make meal themselves to show their generosity.Privacy is a gig responsibility because the host could be still working and the guest would be on holiday that they are staying at the hosts home. The guest should respect the fact that the host Is not on a holiday and do things them self or even help the host out by having food ready for them before they come back home. Appreciation Is Important for a house-guest because that would show the host they liked being there and that they actually took the time to appreciate the stay this way the host would even invite the guests back.

How to Effectively Manage Leadership

How to Effectively Manage Leadership [H. D. Williams] [Touro University Worldwide] Executive Summary The paper identifies the key points that Peter Topping has discussed in his book â€Å"Managerial Leadership†. This book is a guide for those who needs to build an effective leadership strategy. As Peter says that the management process involves the formulation of effective management systems right process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously improve systems to adapt to changing work environment.The major theme underlie in the book is that the managerial competence is necessary for laying the foundation for a very successful and flourishing career, however, it is a fact that demonstrated leadership skills are important to push the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals How to Effectively Manage Leadership Introduction The leadership is a feature of any organization, the axis motor of the same. It is ther efore important that any person that performs in the business develop leadership skills.According to Allen, (2008) the leader is the people comprising the action, who converts followers into leaders and who can become agents of change. Leadership ability has been identified as one of the central features determinants of successful staff. In this sense, the modern world requires all those who fulfill tasks in the business sector, to be the leaders, because leadership is the key to successful and improving organizations (Allen, 2008). About The Book The book which needs to be analyzed in this project is â€Å"Managerial Leadership† written by Peter Topping.Thus, the book has identified a number of facts which can be helpful as guidance for effective leadership. It is a fact that effective management in the new millennium of competitive business environment needs a solid and efficient leadership skills for which the companies lacks to provide adequate training and development. T here is a need for the Frameworks and top leadership tools for assessing leadership techniques, strengths for handling growth and change and thus, leads to make managerial leadership a veritable learning laboratory (Topping, 2001).Thesis statement The paper identifies how Peter has discussed The Role of effective management prevailing in competitive business environment in his book â€Å"Managerial Leadership†. Discussion and Analysis The book identifies a number of elements which is necessary for manage an effective management strategy. Thus, Leadership can be broadly defined as the process of inspiring, coordinating, directing, mentoring and motivating, individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, societies, or nations toward achieving goals or results.Such a simple definition hides the reality that leadership as a concept is rife with complexity and debate (Allio, 2005). More important, leadership as a field of study is vast and can be a daunting domain of study for newcomers to the field. Part of the challenge for people studying and researching leadership is the high volume of leadership theories and perspectives available (Buus, 2005). Leadership in the new economy with its constant changes required to have an ability to adapt to new emerging business model, maintaining constancy of purpose and core values.This ability increases if the leaders make deliberate choices consistent with the values and beliefs of the company. Therefore, today’s struggling economy is in need of an effective leadership development strategy (Buus, 2005). A simple search of the word leadership will yield several thousand articles and publications on leadership written by academic scholars. As such, any attempt to define and summarize leadership will be a complex endeavor that will never fully capture and account for the concept of leadership.The aim of this encyclopedic entry, therefore, is to provide a general overview of leadership specific to organization s tudies for the novice reader. Major Theme The major theme underlie in the book is that the managerial competence is necessary for laying the foundation for a very successful and flourishing career, however, it is a fact that demonstrated leadership skills are important to push the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals (Topping, 2001). Based in part on Dr.Peter Topping's experience as managing director of the Goizueta Institute for Corporate Learning and Research, a cross-disciplinary think tank created to advance the cause of leaders and leadership, this challenging and illuminating book provides: †¢ A proven, four-tiered approach to becoming a more effective leader †¢ Tools for developing coaching, teaching, and mentoring skills †¢ Methods to determine and strengthen effective leadership behaviors Management process is to take care of your business processes in the best possible way to improve performance.The management process involves the formulation of effective management systems right process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously improve systems to adapt to changing work environments (Topping, 2001). While it may be true that managers facilitate while leaders initiate, both skills remain valuable in today's workplace. Thus, from Managerial Leadership we find how to combine management and leadership into a dynamic approach for demonstrating effective leadership in any company or industry. Leadership DevelopmentNumerous studies have led to the same conclusion i. e. organizations that invest in leadership development are more effective than organizations that do not. Periods of economic instability only intensifies this effect. The latest study shows that all companies that have successfully gone through times of crisis have a clear strategy for leadership development. Investments, especially in a crisis, not only recovered but also brought profits. Research shows that the companies believe that it is more important to invest in the development of leadership in times of recession.Such companies not only survived but became stronger than their competitors. Studies show that investments in leadership development can: †¢ Improve the financial performance of companies †¢ Contribute to attracting and retaining talent †¢ Stimulate the development and maintenance of culture results (performance culture) †¢ Increase the agility of organizations (Topping, 2001). Effective Management Process management can effectively transform your business from failure to success in a short time.This means that you make good use of available resources in the organization such as money, personnel and facilities such as offices, equipment and tools and modern technology to achieve the objectives of the organization. Knowledge is also something very important for an organization and must be well managed through effective process management. Effective pro cess management will manifest through a business has improved, increased profits, satisfied customers, motivated employees, willing to go extra miles and improve their skills and a new workplace business (Allio, 2005).Thus, important features to be identified are as under: Instruments to ensure effective management Protected areas are instruments to achieve the objectives of nature conservation. As such instruments require human, material and financial resources, and procedures to achieve their goals. To improve the means and processes to achieve effective management, will develop six lines of work. Adequacy of management structures Success in meeting the objectives for declaring protected areas depends on many factors, some internal systems themselves nature conservation and many other external.The adequacy of the management structures of the areas and systems of protected areas is the basis for effectively achieving its goals. Quality Management for Conservation The nature conserv ation is a priority of the protected natural areas. As the active management progresses, it becomes necessary to develop tools to improve information sharing, standardize procedures, and evaluate the effectiveness of actions. Quality management of public use and tourism Progress has been made n improving the quality of public use and tourism in protected areas (two good examples are the Q for quality of services offered to visitors, and the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism as a joint project between managers and tourism professionals). There are several manuals to guide and establish benchmarks for the management of public use. It is time to consolidate and improve where necessary, the quality of these services (Topping, 2001). Quality management for economic developmentThe integration of socio-economic development objectives of protected areas has progressed over the years through the implementation of development plans and implementation of initiatives with the business o f the territory as marks of quality products and services associated to the parks. According to Peter, the laws of rural development and biodiversity provide a favorable scenario to promote good development practices in terms of sustainability. Evaluation of Management EffectivenessProtected areas are incorporating monitoring as an essential part of evaluating the effectiveness of management and the systematic collection of information and outreach through management reports. Leadership and Management Leadership as a concept in its broadest sense refers in essence to the one that brought forward the fundamental in the governance process and then, there is overlap between the concept of leadership and management. Thus, as the first is one of the components of the administrative process as several other elements of which (organization, planning, implementation and monitoring and follow-up).They also overlaps the other hand, comes in the context of the similarity in performance since b oth of them refers to the organization of group activity to achieve certain goals, as well as from that, the success of management is linked to a large extent the nature of leadership so the need for management capacity and presidents of qualified people with learning and creativity does not almost equivalent (Topping, 2001). The relationship management leadership management is not one year to the private, but it lies in the nature of each of the term management refers more to the policies, procedures and organizational tructure of any aspects of the technical and organizational while the driving means in particular profile of any humanitarian and short, that the administration is broader than leadership that is driving to one of the functions and tasks of management Developing Talent According to Peter, talent is now considered a competitive advantage: it is what differentiates successful companies from the rest. The task then is to identify: What is the talent of their workers? Ta lent is an asset to be managed effectively if you want to succeed in the market and also remain in the right place at the right time (Buus, 2005).While it is intangible, this is achieved by workers' performance and superior results that some of them, with great effort, manage to achieve. Talent is a strategic asset (scarce, valuable and unique) to be managed appropriately in the context of corporate strategy. Organizations can develop talent through: †¢ Design jobs, positions and business roles from the competencies and skills that are required in order to get the most out of it. †¢ Focus on developing leadership talent †¢ Motivate employees constantly Train your employees on the latest techniques, technologies and working methods †¢ Place employees in working jobs suited to their skills and competencies (Allio, pp: 1071-7). These practices are an outstanding for the leadership growth and can be used in leadership growth programs in various organizations. The abi lity of leaders is becoming scarce therefore; developing individuals internally is becoming more and more significant (Allio, 2005). According to Peter, there are many leadership practices that work as guidelines and can be incorporated in an organization to achieve success.Some of them include: Strong executive engagement, tailored leadership competencies, alignment with business strategy, target all levels of leadership, apply a comprehensive and ongoing approach and integrate with talent management (Topping, 2001). Other than these practices a leader may establish his own practices that may help him in achieving organizational goals. Conclusion Leadership growth is best planned and enforced when it takes place as a procedure implanted inside the organizational policy.This has significances for both the invention of â€Å"plans† and â€Å"procedures† (i. e. , numerous stages, numerous learning skills, constantly retreating to the requirements of the business). A lead er is not born overnight. Often it takes time for an individual to become a leader, and even after evolving a leader there is more to learn in alignment to become a productive leader. Leading by example is a mighty procedure. Leaders must possess the qualities they are seeking to incorporate into their team (Topping, 2001).Rather than understanding leadership as a position or an inherent trait, leadership is understood as an activity or process that involves the development of certain skills or capacities. While leadership differs in many ways from management, it is imperative that both functions exist and complement one another. Leadership is ultimately what will lead to innovation and positive change, and management assists in this process. To address the complex and adaptive challenges our society is facing today and will face in the future, we must find new ways to view leadership and engage in leadership in our organizations.Thus, through the book â€Å"Managerial Leadershipâ € , one can get the guide, strategies and tools that is required for implementing and cultivating a string and successful leadership organization and therefore, lead to develop one’s own valuable leadership efficiency and effectiveness (Topping, 2001). References Allen, S. , Hartman, N. (2008), â€Å"Leadership development: an exploration of sources of learning†, Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 73 No. 1, pp. 10-62. Allio, R. J. (2005), â€Å"Leadership development: teaching versus learning†, Management Decision, Vol. 3 No. 7/8, pp. 1071-7. Burke, V. , Collins, D. (2005), â€Å"Optimizing the effects of leadership development programmers†, Management Decision, Vol. 43 No. 7/8, pp. 975-87. Buus, I. (2005), â€Å"The evolution of leadership development: challenges and best practice†, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 37 No. 4/5, pp. 185-8. Peter A. Topping, (2001), Managerial Leadership, Publisher: McGraw-Hill; 1 edition (December 26, 2001 ), ISBN-13: 978-0071375238 Yukl, G. A. (2006), Leadership in Organizations, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Virtue ethics and the ethics of care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtue ethics and the ethics of care - Essay Example There are arguments about the existence of single tradition in virtue ethics that emphasize virtue being knowledge and focus on direct unselfishness. There is no disagreement about that form of ethics of care and virtue ethics. Moreover, there are moral objections to generalize the essentially asymmetric relationships of justice case as reciprocal fairness to an ethic of care. Virtue ethics notes the character matter above everything else. Staying a life that is ethical or acting in a right manner requires demonstrating and developing virtues of compassion, courage, temperance, and wisdom. In addition, it needs avoiding vices such as jealousy, selfishness, and greed. Care of ethics concerns with ethical consideration on relations before any other factors. Consequently, acting in a right manner involves, strengthening, maintain, and building strong relationships (Slote, 134). Acting in a right manner thus shows care and concern for others and for their relationships. Care ethicists feel that relationships are essential to thinking ethically. According to Slote (174) Manning Rita and Aristotle both, have varying theories whenever it comes to ethics. Aristotle utilizes virtue ethics when answering morality questions while Manning use care of ethics to answer morality questions. Virtue ethics claim actions of people focuses on achieving happiness. From happiness, virtues of morality stems from causes managing soul desires. On the other hand, Manning believes that actions of morality widen from persons caring each other on an individual level. Through growing the abilities to care for other persons, people become aware morally of how to behave on particular cases. When asking, â€Å"How do I live?† Manning and Aristotle will approach with variant factors (Slote, 201). The manner in which individual people reply to the question contains unique excellence areas and areas that the question poses challenge. Basing on how each theories work, Rita and Aristotle